BTN News: As the summer heat intensifies, many of us seek refuge in swimming pools and water parks to cool off and have fun. However, these refreshing escapes may hide unseen dangers that could impact your health. While pools are a great way to beat the heat, they can also be breeding grounds for harmful pathogens that can lead to serious illnesses. In this article, we delve into the hidden risks lurking in pool waters and provide practical tips on how you and your family can stay safe while enjoying your time in the water.
Even though chlorine and bromine do a commendable job in killing most bacteria and viruses, some resilient germs manage to survive in pool water, leading to the spread of waterborne diseases. Among these, diarrhea stands out as the most common illness associated with swimming pools. The primary culprits behind these infections are Cryptosporidium (often referred to as “crypto”), Norovirus, Giardia, Shigella, and E. coli. These pathogens, typically linked to fecal contamination, can cause a range of unpleasant symptoms, including fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Cryptosporidium, in particular, poses a significant threat. From 2015 to 2019, this parasite was responsible for nearly half of all infectious outbreaks in aquatic settings, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Its resistance to chlorine makes it particularly challenging to manage, underscoring the importance of being vigilant about pool hygiene.
You might wonder, isn’t chlorine supposed to eliminate these germs? The truth is, it’s not always that simple. There are several factors that can undermine the effectiveness of chlorine. Firstly, an imbalance in the chemical levels of chlorine, bromine, and pH can allow germs to thrive. Secondly, the time it takes for chlorine to kill certain pathogens means swimmers might come into contact with them before they are neutralized. Lastly, some microorganisms, like Cryptosporidium, have developed a remarkable resistance to chlorine, making them difficult to eradicate.
Dr. Clare Rock, an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, emphasizes the importance of pool protocols following a fecal accident. She explains that lifeguards and pool operators have specific procedures to follow to ensure the water is safe before allowing swimmers back in, highlighting the risks associated with such incidents.
Another common issue swimmers face is “swimmer’s ear,” a bacterial infection of the outer ear canal. This condition occurs when water gets trapped in the ear, breaking down the protective earwax and creating an ideal environment for bacterial growth. Symptoms of swimmer’s ear include pain, redness, swelling, itching, and discharge from the ear. Although it is more prevalent among children, swimmer’s ear is not contagious. To prevent it, Dr. Rock suggests using a towel to dry the ears thoroughly and pulling on the earlobe in different directions to help drain any trapped water. Additionally, wearing earplugs or a swim cap can prevent water from entering the ears in the first place.
Chemical irritants are another concern for swimmers. Beyond germs, exposure to certain chemicals in pool water can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. One of the main culprits is chloramines, which are formed when chlorine combines with sweat, urine, and other organic matter. These chemicals, which are often mistaken for chlorine, are what you’re likely smelling when you notice a strong “chlorine” odor around the pool. Chloramines can cause a range of symptoms, including skin rashes, itching, red eyes, coughing, wheezing, and nasal irritation. Additionally, an imbalanced pH level in the pool can exacerbate skin and eye irritation, making it crucial to ensure the water is properly maintained.
Knowing the risks is just the first step; taking action to protect yourself is equally important. One of the most effective ways to prevent illness is by maintaining good personal hygiene before entering the pool. A quick shower before swimming can remove most of the dirt and substances on your body that would otherwise consume the chlorine or bromine needed to kill germs. It’s also essential to avoid urinating in the pool, as this contributes to the formation of chloramines and reduces the amount of chlorine available to fight harmful bacteria.
Moreover, it’s crucial to avoid swallowing pool water, as this is one of the easiest ways to ingest harmful pathogens. If you have an open wound or cut, it’s best to stay out of the water to prevent infection. If swimming is unavoidable, make sure to cover the wound with a waterproof bandage. Taking regular breaks, especially when swimming with young children or babies, is another important precaution. Frequent bathroom breaks and diaper changes away from the pool area can significantly reduce the risk of contamination.
Before diving into a pool, it’s worth taking a moment to assess its safety. Check the pool’s inspection records, which are often available to the public from health departments. A clean pool should have clear water that allows you to see the drain at the bottom, even in the deepest part. Also, ensure there is a lifeguard on duty or, at the very least, that there is a rescue ring available in case of emergencies.
For those in New York, the summer of 2024 brings an additional challenge: a lifeguard shortage that could limit access to public pools and beaches. In such cases, consider alternatives like inflatable backyard pools, but always follow safety measures to prevent accidents and ensure a healthy swimming environment.
As you enjoy the summer sun, being aware of these hidden dangers and taking the necessary precautions can help ensure that your time in the pool remains fun, safe, and healthy. Remember, while the water may look inviting, it’s important to take steps to protect yourself and your loved ones from the invisible risks that may be lurking beneath the surface.
