BTN News: Dengue is a viral disease that poses a significant health threat to millions of people, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The alarming similarity of its symptoms to those of other illnesses, like COVID-19, often leads individuals to resort to self-medication—a practice that can be not only ineffective but also dangerously counterproductive. Dr. Juan Ignacio Echevarría, a renowned specialist in infectious and tropical diseases at the Clínica Anglo Americana, has raised concerns about the risks associated with self-medicating for dengue. While trying to alleviate the discomfort brought on by this illness, many people inadvertently put their health at greater risk by using over-the-counter medications that might be harmful in the context of dengue.
When dealing with dengue, the course of recovery from the symptoms of classic dengue typically spans between three to five days. During this period, individuals frequently turn to common medications such as paracetamol, aspirin, and metamisol to manage their symptoms. However, not all of these are advisable or safe.
Paracetamol is the most commonly used drug to reduce fever and is generally considered safe in most cases of dengue. However, many patients mistakenly believe that other drugs, such as aspirin, can also be beneficial. This is a dangerous misconception. Aspirin should be strictly avoided during dengue, as it affects platelet function and can significantly increase the risk of severe bleeding. This is especially concerning when bleeding occurs in critical organs like the brain, where it can have life-threatening consequences. Another medication often misused is metamisol. While it can be used in certain situations, it comes with its own risks, particularly regarding its effects on blood production. Thus, it should only be administered with caution and under medical supervision.
Additionally, the use of ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory drugs is strongly discouraged. These medications can adversely affect blood pressure and kidney function, potentially exacerbating the patient’s condition and leading to complications that could otherwise be avoided. The dangers of self-medicating with these drugs cannot be overstated, and their use can lead to severe, sometimes irreversible health outcomes.
Dengue can manifest in two distinct forms, depending on whether the patient has previously been exposed to the virus. In cases of classic dengue, symptoms include high fever, typically ranging from 39 to 40 degrees Celsius, along with intense muscle pain, general malaise, headache, retroocular pain (pain behind the eyes), and skin rashes. Although these symptoms can be quite debilitating, this phase of the disease is crucial as the patient begins to develop immunity to the virus.
However, dengue can become much more severe, particularly in individuals who have already had the disease once before. This severe form of dengue is far more dangerous, with symptoms that extend beyond those seen in classic dengue. Patients may experience nausea, vomiting, chest pain, low blood pressure, kidney failure, coagulation disorders, bruising, and, in some cases, inflammation of the heart muscle. The severe form of dengue can lead to critical complications that require immediate medical attention.
Given the severity of dengue and the risks associated with its management, particularly concerning self-medication, it is crucial to focus on prevention as a key strategy in combating the spread of this disease. Effective dengue prevention hinges on controlling the mosquito population that transmits the virus. One of the most effective methods is fumigation, which should be carried out regularly and with the cooperation of the local population. Ensuring that homes and communities are free of stagnant water is another essential preventive measure, as stagnant water serves as a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Simple actions like keeping flowerpots, containers, and other objects free of standing water can significantly reduce the mosquito population.
Moreover, avoiding littering and ensuring that garbage is properly disposed of can prevent the accumulation of water in discarded items, further reducing mosquito breeding sites. In high-risk areas, such as Piura, Lambayeque, and Lima, using insect repellent is highly recommended. Applying repellent regularly can help protect against mosquito bites, which are the primary transmission route for dengue. Additionally, using mosquito nets, especially over the beds of sick patients or in areas where children sleep, is a critical measure to prevent the spread of the virus to others.
In conclusion, while managing the symptoms of dengue is essential, the importance of avoiding self-medication cannot be overstressed. The risks associated with using inappropriate medications like aspirin, ibuprofen, and metamisol highlight the need for professional medical guidance. Preventive measures, particularly those aimed at controlling the mosquito population, are equally crucial in reducing the incidence of dengue and protecting public health. By focusing on prevention and ensuring that treatment is guided by medical professionals, the dangers associated with this pervasive disease can be significantly mitigated.
